Final answer:
Covalent bonds form molecules by atoms sharing electrons, often between nonmetals to achieve stable electron configurations, sometimes requiring double or triple bonds.
Step-by-step explanation:
Covalent bonds are utilized to form molecules through the sharing of electrons between atoms. This type of bond is key in creating stable arrangements of electrons, thereby fulfilling the octet rule in most cases. Covalent bonding typically occurs between nonmetal atoms with similar electronegativities and is epitomized in the formation of water (H₂O), where hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons to achieve stable electron configurations.
Lewis electron dot diagrams are a helpful tool to visually represent how atoms share electrons during covalent bond formation. In certain molecules, double bonds or triple bonds are necessary to ensure each bonded atom achieves a full octet, which is indicative of chemical stability.