Final answer:
Climate is affected by factors like elevation, latitude, ocean currents, but not by the phases of the moon, which influence tides rather than climate.
Step-by-step explanation:
All of the following affect climate except the phases of the moon. Factors like elevation, latitude, ocean currents, and geographic features such as mountain barriers can have a significant impact on a region's temperature, precipitation, and overall climate. However, the phases of the moon, while important for other aspects such as tides, do not influence the climate directly.
Elevation influences climate by affecting temperature; as altitude increases, temperature generally decreases. Latitude determines the angle of the sun's rays, affecting the intensity and duration of sunlight a region receives. Ocean currents can moderate a region's climate by transporting warm or cold water, which affects air temperature above. However, the phases of the moon are not related to these climatic elements.
Thus, when considering factors that affect the distribution of climate regions, one can look at elevation, latitude, wind systems, ocean currents, and geographic features, but not lunar phases.