The correct answer is B. Driven
Step-by-step explanation:
In this excerpt, the word "impelled" is used to refer to the motivations for the expeditions in Antarctica, this is expressed in "privately sponsored expeditions, impelled more by interest in science and geography" that shows the expeditions of this time had different motivations to those of whalers. In this context, the word "impelled" means motivated, incited, or driven. According to this, from the options, the word that expresses the correct meaning of this word is the word driven.