Answer:
All of the above.
Step-by-step explanation:
In economics, it is believed that economic agents which include consumers and producers allocate their scarce resources to the utility/service, and product which would result in the biggest gain. This is done in a bid to not misallocate resources.
All the above-mentioned scenarios represent cases wherein economic agents respond to incentives. For example, in the first case, the consumers of gasoline who are the economic agents would want to allocate a lower price to get more gasoline. The extra gasoline they would get from this gas station is the incentive.