Answer:
1. d. All of the above are true.
2. c. GDP refers to production within the nation while GNP refers to production by domestic factors no matter where they are located.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. The ratio of country's exports to GDP is known as trade-to-GDP ratio or the index of openness. This ratio main objective is to measures the importance of international trade in an economy and its usually remain high for developing countries.
2. The only difference between GDP and GNP is that of net factor income from abroad. While GDP only takes into account production of goods and services within the country's borders; GNP takes into account production of all economy owned identities, no matter where they are located.