Question

It is the balance between thermal energy and intermolecular forces that determines the state of matter of any substance at room temperature. How does thermal

energy increase as temperature is doubled?
1) Thermal energy increases by a factor of e (2.718)
2) Thermal energy increases by a factor of R
3)Thermal energy increases by a factor of ten
4)Thermal energy increases by a factor of two

Answer 1

According to kinetic-molecular theory, raising the temperature of a substance increases the average kinetic energy of its particles. This leads to more extensive vibrations in solids and more rapid translations in liquids and gases. As the temperature increases, the distribution of kinetic energies becomes broader and the entropy for any substance increases.

Step-by-step explanation:

According to kinetic-molecular theory, the temperature of a substance is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its particles. Raising the temperature of a substance will result in more extensive vibrations of the particles in solids and more rapid translations of the particles in liquids and gases. At higher temperatures, the distribution of kinetic energies among the atoms or molecules of the substance is also broader (more dispersed) than at lower temperatures. Thus, the entropy for any substance increases with temperature.