Question

1. Predict what would occur if tetracycline (an inhibitor of protein synthesis) were added to the cell during protein synthesis. Protein synthesis would be unaffected. Protein synthesis would stop. Protein synthesis would speed up. Proteins would be synthesized but not transported. 2. How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in how they store genetic material? Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus. Eukaryotes lack a true nucleus. Eukaryotes have RNA instead of DNA. Prokaryotes have RNA instead of DNA. 3. What is the immediate precursor to a protein? DNA polypeptide chain RNA amino acid 4. Which ribosomal subunits are required for protein synthesis? None of the ribosomal subunits are required for protein synthesis. Only the large subunit is required for protein synthesis. Only the small subunit is required for protein synthesis. Both the large and small subunits are required for protein synthesis.

Answer 1

1. Protein synthesis would stop

2. Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus.

3. polypeptide chain

4. Both the large and small subunits are required for protein synthesis.

Step-by-step explanation:

1. An inhibitor is a substance that prevents the occurence of an event. In this case, If tetracycline, which is an inhibitor of protein synthesis, were added to the cell during protein synthesis, it would prevent the process of synthesizing proteins and hence, protein synthesis would stop.

2. The major basis of classification of a cell as prokaryotic or eukaryotic is the possession or not of a TRUE NUCLEUS i.e. a membrane-bound nucleus. Prokaryotes do not contain a membrane-bound nucleus, instead their genetic material is found in a region of their cytoplasm called NUCLEIOD. On the other hand, eukaryotic cells store their genetic material in a NUCLEUS.

3. Proteins are formed as a result of gene expression involving the processes of transcription and translation. A gene (DNA) is transcribed into a RNA, which is then translated into a protein. However, the RNA is translated into amino acids, which joins together using a peptide bond to form a polypeptide chain. Several POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS make up the protein molecule. Hence, polypeptide chain is the immediate precursor of a protein.

4. Ribosomes are the organelles for protein synthesis. They contain two subunits viz: small and large ribosomal subunits. These subunits both contribute to the synthesis of proteins but play different roles. The small subunit binds to the mRNA molecule and coordinate the binding of mRNA codon to tRNA anticodon. The large subunit, on the other hand, plays a role in the formation of peptide bonds between two amino acids.