The United States Constitution addressed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation by granting the central government power and giving them more rights.
The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution for the United States. It was known for being incredibly weak and giving little to no power to the central government. The government could not tax citizens, regulate trade, or properly create and enforce laws.
Over time, many people started worrying about the future of the country when the government didn't have much power. Anti-Federalists preferred a weak central government, as many were scared of the government obtaining too much power after what happened with Great Britain. On the other hand, Federalists felt as if having the Articles of Confederation was weakening the country and they needed something stronger.
The Articles of Confederation was originally just meant to get reworked, but it eventually just got thrown out completely and the United States Constitution was created, giving the central government a lot more power, while still having rights that protected the citizens.