Final answer:
A dihalide with halogens on adjacent carbons is called a vicinal dihalide. Alkyl halides are compounds where hydrogen atoms in alkanes are replaced by halogens. Vicinal dihalides follow IUPAC nomenclature with prefixes such as fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, and iodo-.
Step-by-step explanation:
A dihalide in which the halogens are attached on adjacent carbons is called a vicinal dihalide. The term vicinal is derived from the Latin word 'vicinus' which means 'neighboring'. In organic chemistry, when two halogen atoms are substituted on adjacent carbon atoms within the same molecule, it forms a vicinal dihalide.
Alkyl halides, also known as haloalkanes, are compounds resulting from the replacement of a hydrogen atom of an alkane with a halogen atom. The halogens that can participate in forming alkyl halides include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I). Alkyl halides with simple alkyl groups (one to four carbon atoms) are often named using common names, whereas those with more carbons typically use IUPAC nomenclature.
The IUPAC naming convention for alkyl halides involves identifying the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the halogen, adding a prefix for the particular halogen atom (fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-), numbering the carbon chain to give the lowest possible numbers to the halogen atoms, and using numerical prefixes (di-, tri-, tetra-) as necessary.