A novel is very much a tale and journey that is lengthy and can be told from multiple perspectives. Normally you see some level of message of the real world and several different themes and symbolisms.
A short story sells an overarching theme or lesson and tends to be more intense and to the point with less climactic build up. Normally, there is one if maybe two main character(s) who learn something new about themselves or who learn a valuable life lesson. Short stories can sometimes be also of a popular book character written as spin offs and side adventures for them as they don’t have to have the climactic build up or deep lore of a novel.