Answer:During the late 1980s and early 1990s, however, a
sharp rise in violent crime produced intense interest in
the causes of juvenile crime and the effectiveness of the
juvenile justice system. Juvenile arrests for violent offenses
jumped dramatically during this time period, increasing
64 percent nationally between 1980 and 1994 (Butts and
Travis, 2002). In addition, some highly publicized cases
of juveniles committing repeated, serious violent offenses
contributed to public perception that the juvenile justice
system was inadequate to intervene effectively with adolescents who were a legitimate threat to public safety (Butterfield, 1995). These forces even prompted radical, and
ultimately unfounded, rhetoric about a coming wave of
adolescent “superpredators” unlike any previous juvenile
offenders in their heartlessness and lack of response to
interventions (DiIulio, 1995).
In this context, the public began to distrust the ability
of the juvenile justice system to ensure public safety, and
state legislatures added statutory provisions to ensure that
youth who committed certain serious offenses were not
roaming the streets. Between 1992 and 1999, all but one
state expanded legislation that made it easier for juveniles to be tried as adults (Hansen, 2001). These changes
increased the set of crimes that qualified an adolescent for
transfer, lifted age restrictions, and added statutory exclusion and prosecutorial discretion as methods for achieving
transfer to adult court. The movement of adolescents to
adult court was no longer the product of a juvenile court
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