Answer:
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Simple Distillation cannot be used to separate a mixture of two or more miscible liquids Fractional Distillation is used to separate such a mixture into its component parts or fractions. The fractions distil over in ascending order of their boiling points,starting with the fraction with the lowest boiling points. For efficient fractional distillation,the difference in the boiling points between successive fractions must be more than 10°C.In the laboratory,the apparatus for fractional distillation is same as the apparatus for simple distillation, except that a fractioning column is introduced between the distillation flask and the condenser.The fractionating column is packed with glass beads,and does the actual separation. The upper part of the column is at a lower temperature than the lower part .Only the vapour with the same temperature as the upper part of the fractionating column passes on the condenser.(This is the fraction with the lowest boiling point)Vapours with higher boiling points condense as they enter the upper part of the fractionating column and the flow back into the distillation flask.This process is repeated until the fraction with the lowest boiling point is distilled over completely. Then,the temperature in the upper part of yhe column rises until the boiling point of the next fraction is reached. This fraction then starts distilling over.The fractional distillation process continues until Al the component fractions in the mixture distil over.Crude oil or petroleum contains many important natural products such as petrol,kerosene,diesel, heavey oil,natural gases and bitumen.Each of these products can be recovered in its pure form by fractional distillation. The fractional distillation plant is made up of two maim parts----boiler,where the crude oil is kept boiling, and the fractionating tower,where yhe actual separation takes place.The fractions with the lower boiling points will emerge near the top part of the tower while those with higher boiling points will come out near the lower part of the tower..... Thank you for the question, I hope it helps you...Thank you.