1. The charge of the nucleus of element “X” is 8+
The nucleus of element “X” is pictured to have 8 protons and 8 neutrons.
The nucleus always has a positive charge based on the number of protons in it.
Each proton has a charge of +1. There are 8 protons, so the charge of the nucleus is +8.
Neutrons have no charge (also called a neutral charge) so the number of neutrons will not affect the charge of the nucleus.
2. The electrical charge of element “X” is -2 if two electrons are added to its valance shell.
Each electron has a charge of -1. There are 8 electrons in the photo and we are adding 2, which is a total of 10 electrons. This means the electrons have a total charge of -10.
A simple way to find the overall charge of an atom is to subtract the number of electrons from the number of protons.
8-10=-2
The 8 positive protons and 8 negative electrons cancel each other’s charges, leaving the atom with the charge of two electrons, 2-.
I hope I explained this well, feel free to ask any questions! Have a good day.