Answer:
1. Thorstein Veblen.
2. Alfred Marshall.
3. Alfred Chandler, Jr.
4. Economies of throughput ('economies of speed').
5. First mover advantage.
6. Planned obsolescence.
7. The rule of reason.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Thorstein Veblen: Economist who observed that "invention is the mother of necessity."
2. Alfred Marshall: Economist whose Principles of Economics marked the theoretical separation of politics and economics.
3. Alfred Chandler, Jr.: Economic historian who wrote, The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business.
4. Economies of throughput ('economies of speed'): Realizing lower costs by maintaining a high speed and volume of flow from raw materials to finished goods.
5. First mover advantage: The competitive edge a business gets from being the first to adopt a new technology which will become the standard.
6. Planned obsolescence: Designing a product to have a limited useful life in order to encourage future sales.
7. The rule of reason: The rule developed by the Supreme Court to make the Sherman Act workable in an era in which businesses were organizationally and technologically compelled to restrain trade