Question

A statistical study reported that a drug was effective with a p-value of .042.

a. An effective or ineffective sample may be found about 42 times in 1000 samples. (effective or ineffective)
b. The drug is evidently effective at alpha ? = 0.05. (Yes or No)
c. How would that compare to a drug that had a p-value of .087? (More Effective or Less Effective)

Answer 1

(a) An ineffective sample may be found about 42 times in 1000 samples.

(b) Yes, the drug is evidently effective at alpha = 0.05.

(c) A drug that had a p-value of 0.042 is more effective in comparison to a drug that had a p-value of 0.087.

Explanation:

We are given that a statistical study reported that a drug was effective with a p-value of 0.042.

Let the Null Hypothesis,
`H_0` : The drug was ineffective.

Alternate Hypothesis,
`H_A` : The drug was effective.

(a) An ineffective sample may be found about 42 times in 1000 samples.

(b) As we know that, if the P-value is less than the level of significance, then we have sufficient evidence to reject our null hypothesis.

SO, here also; the P-value is less than the level of significance as 0.042 < 0.05, so we reject our null hypothesis and conclude that the drug is evidently effective.

(c) The drug that had a p-value of 0.087 would be ineffective as in this case the P-value is more than the level of significance as 0.087 > 0.05, so we do not reject our null hypothesis and conclude that the drug is evidently ineffective.

This means that a drug that had a p-value of 0.042 is more effective in comparison to a drug that had a p-value of 0.087.