Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
Question : A novel has been written by her.
The given sentence is in present perfect tense. So, we are going to change the given sentence into active voice using the structure of present perfect tense :
Structure : sub + has / have + v³ + obj
Answer : She has written a novel.
According to tenses :
▪️Simple present :
⇒Active voice : sub + v¹/v⁵ + obj
⇒Passive voice : obj + is/am /are + v³ + by + sub
▪️Simple past :
⇒Active voice : sub + v² + obj
⇒Passive voice : obj + was / were + v³ + by + sub
▪️Simple future
⇒Active voice : sub + shall / will + v¹ + obj
⇒Passive voice : obj + shall be / will be + v³ + by + sub
▪️Present continuous
⇒Active voice : sub + is/am /are + v⁴ + obj
⇒Passive voice : obj + is/am/are + being + v³ + by sub
▪️Past continuous
⇒Active voice : sub + was/were + v⁴ + obj
⇒Passive voice : obj + was/were + being + v³ + by + sub
▪️Present perfect
⇒Active voice : sub + has/have + v³ + obj
⇒Passive voice: obj + has been / have been + v³ + by + sub
▪️Past perfect
⇒Active voice : sub + had + v³ + obj
⇒Passive voice : obj + had been + v³ + by + sub
▪️Future perfect
⇒Active voice : sub + will have / shall have + v³ + obj
⇒Passive voice: obj + will have been / shall have been + v³ + by + sub
According to modality:
▪️Modals : has to / have to / had to / is going to
⇒Active : sub + modal + v¹ + obj
⇒Passive : obj + modal + be + v³ + by + sub
Hope I helped!
Best regards!!