Final answer:
A pogrom is a violent attack particularly targeting Jewish communities, historically significant in Russia and highlighted by events such as Kristallnacht in 1938, leading to Jewish migration primarily to the United States.
Step-by-step explanation:
A pogrom is a violent massacre or attack aimed primarily at Jewish communities. These acts of anti-Jewish violence were notorious in Russia at the turn of the century and were part of systemic efforts to eliminate Jewish communities through violence, intimidation, and destruction of property. One of the most infamous series of pogroms occurred in November 1938, known as Kristallnacht or the Night of Broken Glass, where Jewish businesses, synagogues, and homes were destroyed, lives were lost, and thousands were arrested solely based on their Jewish identity.
The pogroms led to significant Jewish migration, particularly to the United States, as people sought safety and freedom from persecution. Throughout history, pogroms have been a dark reflection of societal intolerance and hatred, often incited by governmental policies and propaganda.