Answer:
adaptation
Step-by-step explanation:
Adaptation in Biology refers to the process whereby an organism adjust to its natural environment in order to increase its chance of survival or in other words, the organism becomes better suited to its natural habitat by possession of some adaptive features.
In this example, a white peppered moth with black spots initially possess these color combination in order to blend to its natural environment, which is the bark on beech trees. However, due to the burning of coal in Great Britain which caused many of the beech trees to be black, the peppered moths had to ADAPT to this change in environmental color by becoming all black in order to blend in with the new bark color.
Therefore, this is an example of ADAPTATION.