Answer: Choice B is an example of strong characterization, also called direct characterization.
Explanation: Ben was always fearless. No guessing
He had been skydiving many times and was never scared. He bravely fought for his country without a moment’s hesitation. When his plane lost an engine he never lost his cool, and brought it down safely. These descriptions of his experiences present a clear picture of the kind of person Ben is.
However when he heard that his wife might be sick, he was scared. New situation, clearly described, and a change in his emotion directly stated.
In the other examples, there are descriptions of circumstances and conditions. The reader can infer some things about the characters who are in those situations and their emotional states.