Answer:
3. They argue that different forms of music, such as jazz and bomba, came out of different types of hardship.
Step-by-step explanation:
The book "Sugar Changed the World" by Marc Aronson and Marina Budhos describes how the favorite spice of sugar came to be. Tracing the history of sugar from the colonial times, the book delves into the form of slavery in these plantations and how it affects slaves the same way slavery overtook the cotton plantation.
In the given passage, the authors argue how different forms of music came to be a form of expression through which these slaves found entertainment and a voice. Despite their owners' claim that the slaves were "just cogs in machinery built to produce", the slaves invent ways to express their dissent, their anger, frustrations, and their dreams, homesickness, etc. Thus, music became a form of a voice in their 'restricted' environment. And the invention of such music, be it "Jazz in Louisiana, the Bomba in Puerto Rico and Maculelê in Brazil", all came out of the hardships that the people faced in their environments.
Thus, the correct answer is option 3.