Answer:
The respiration, which takes place in the existence of oxygen is termed as aerobic respiration. In the process, glucose goes through the process of glycolysis to generate two molecules of pyruvate that further gets transformed into acetyl-CoA and enters the citric acid cycle. The energy generated from both the citric acid cycle and glycolysis is mediated by the energy carriers like FADH2, NADH2, etc to the ETC to produce ATP. The net production of ATPs while undergoing aerobic respiration is 36-38 ATPs.
On the other hand, the respiration, which takes place in the non-existence of oxygen is termed as anaerobic respiration, also known as fermentation. The process takes place within the cells of yeasts, in the process also the formation of pyruvate takes place as the cell goes through the process of glycolysis. This pyruvate is further converted to acetaldehyde, which further gets converted to alcohol or ethanol. In the process, the net production of ATP is 2, and in animals, the same procedure is termed as lactic acid fermentation.
Thus, glycolysis takes place both in aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
The net gain of 36 or 38 ATPs takes place in aerobic respiration.
The net gain of 2 ATPs takes place in anaerobic respiration.
Lactic acid fermentation is a kind of anaerobic respiration.
The alcohol fermentation is a kind of anaerobic respiration.
The electron transport chain is used in the aerobic form of respiration.
The citric acid cycle is also used in aerobic respiration.