Final answer:
An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth's surface due to a release of energy in the lithosphere, largely caused by plate tectonics. Earthquake predictions, improving infrastructure, and public eduation can reduce impact. A volcano is a rupture that lets magma surface and is caused by tectonic plate movements or mantle hotspots.
Explanation:Understanding Earthquakes and Volcanoes
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
Plate tectonics is the primary cause of earthquakes. The Earth's crust consists of several large and small tectonic plates that are constantly moving. When these plates interact with each other, they can cause stress to build up at the edges, which is eventually released in the form of an earthquake. This movement can also lead to volcanic eruptions, as breaks in the Earth's crust allow magma to surface.
To reduce the impact of earthquakes, governments and individuals can invest in earthquake predictions and preparedness, which includes constructing earthquake-resistant buildings, improving emergency response systems, and educating the public on safety measures. In addition, zoning ordinances can restrict construction in high-risk areas.
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Volcanoes are usually found at the edge of tectonic plates, and their primary cause is the movement of these plates, which can lead to the formation of magma that rises to the surface. This can also be caused by hotspots, areas of high heat flow in the mantle.