Answer:
a) 3/5
b) 15
Explanation:
(a)
unshaded: 3
shaded: 5
unshaded to shaded: 3/5
(b)
There are now 3 unshaded squares. You need 9 unshaded squares, so you need to have three times as many total squares as you have now.
Add two more lines just like the given line.
Each new line will have 5 shaded and 3 unshaded squares.
Now you have a total of 9 unshaded and 15 shaded squares.