Answer:
The other factor is (x + 2).
Explanation:
If x - 10 is a factor of x^2 - 8x - 20 then we must find another factor that includes +2x, so that we have -10x + 2x = -8x. That factor is (x + 2):
x^2 - 8x - 20 = (x - 10)(x + 2)
As a test, multiply -10 and +2. We get -20, matching the constant of the given polynomial. Also, -10x + 2x = -8x, another match.