Question

In your discussion consider a SN2 reaction mechanism concept. Propose a modification of experimental procedure that would improve reaction yield. Give an example of another method of ether synthesis. Illustrate it with drawn reaction scheme; describe it in few sentences.

Answer 1

Here's what I get

Step-by-step explanation:

You may have done a Williamson synthesis of guaifenesin by reacting guaiacol with 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol.

A. Mechanism

Step 1

NaOH converts guaiacol into a phenoxide ion.

Step 2

The phenoxide acts as the nucleophile in an SN2 reaction to displace the Cl from the alkyl halide.

B. Improve the yield

You probably carried out the reaction in ethanol solution — a polar protic solvent.

You might try doing the reaction in a polar aprotic solvent— perhaps DMSO.

A polar aprotic solvent does not hydrogen bond to nucleophiles, so they become stronger.

C. Another method of ether synthesis —dehydration of alcohols

Sulfuric acid catalyzes the conversion of primary alcohols to ethers.

This is also a nucleophilic displacement reaction.

Protonation of the OH converts it into a better leaving group.

Attack by a second molecule of alcohol forms the protonated ether.

A molecule of water then removes the proton.