Step-by-step explanation:
a. When the sample size is below 30 or the population standard deviation is not known, use a t distribution rather than a normal distribution.
b. The confidence interval is:
CI = x ± CV × SE
where x is the sample mean,
CV is the critical value (in this case, t).
and SE is the standard error (the sample standard deviation).
For the data given, the mean is x = 4.545, and the standard deviation is SE = 3.503.
There are 11−1 = 10 degrees of freedom, and the confidence level is 98%. For a t-table, the critical value is CV = 2.764.
So the confidence interval is:
CI = 4.545 ± 2.764 × 3.503
CI = (-5.1, 14.2)
c. The confidence level is 98%, so 98% of these confidence intervals will contain the true population mean, and 2% will not.