The correct answer is D. God gave humanity the ability to make such discoveries.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the excerpt, Galileo explains God provided humans with certain abilities or faculties such as "senses, reason, and understanding", and based on this, he believes God wanted humans to use these abilities to discover and understand the world. This idea is explained in "as we are in a position to acquire for ourselves by means of those faculties" that shows Galileo considered the faculties given by God were meant to be used, and due to his he used them to make important discoveries in Astronomy Thus, the that best explains why Galileo believed God approved his discoveries is "God gave humanity the ability to make such discoveries."