Final answer:
The incident provokes a decision by Zeus to save earth from suffering caused by Demeter's grief, leading to the partial restoration of Proserpine (Persephone) to her mother.
Step-by-step explanation:
The excerpt from "Proserpine" describes the aftermath of Demeter's grief following the abduction of her daughter, Persephone, by Hades. The correct answer to how this incident provokes a decision in the story is B) In order to save the earth from perpetual suffering, Zeus decides to partially restore Proserpine to her mother. The suffering of Demeter affects the earth, causing Zeus to intervene and make a decision to alleviate the suffering by coming to a compromise regarding Persephone's time spent with her mother and in the underworld. This is a central theme in the myth, reflecting the natural cycle of the seasons and the agricultural fertility of the land associated with Demeter's emotional state and Persephone's presence on the surface.