Answer:
(a) 6% of credit sales,
bad debt = 0.06 x $315,000 = $18,900
adjusting journal entry
Dr Bad debt expense (= $6,500 + $18,900) 25,400
Cr Allowance for doubtful accounts 25,400
(b) 4% of total sales
bad debt = 0.04 x $1,230,000 = $49,200
adjusting journal entry
Dr Bad debt expense (= $6,500 + $49,200) 55,700
Cr Allowance for doubtful accounts 55,700
and (c) 9% of year-end accounts receivable.
bad debt = 0.09 x $140,000 = $12,600
adjusting journal entry
Dr Bad debt expense (= $6,500 + $12,600) 19,100
Cr Allowance for doubtful accounts 19,100
Allowance for doubtful accounts is a contra asset account with a normal credit balance.