Answer:
1) The total number of component parts in the existing process, and
2) The total number of component parts in the new process
Explanation:
A population is a group of items that are considered during an experimental or observational study.
In the study referred to in this question, the populations are:
1) The total number of component parts in the existing process, and
2) The total number of component parts in the new process
They are the populations because they are the objects of consideration in the study and it is from them that the samples needed for the observation are selected.