Final answer:
The items should be shown as cash inflows or outflows in the statement of cash flows for 2022.
Step-by-step explanation:
(a) Issued bonds for $190,000 cash. This would be shown as a cash inflow under financing activities since the issuance of bonds is a way for the company to raise funds.
(b) Purchased equipment for $171,000 cash. This would be shown as a cash outflow under investing activities because the purchase of equipment is considered a capital expenditure and decreases the company's cash.
(c) Sold land costing $19,000 for $19,000 cash. This would be shown as a cash inflow under investing activities because the sale of land generates cash for the company.
(d) Declared and paid a $47,500 cash dividend. This would be shown as a cash outflow under financing activities because the payment of dividends reduces the company's cash.