The 'dust' in the poem symbolizes the remains of a soldier, imbuing the foreign soil with elements of England, his homeland, establishing a lasting connection between the two through his sacrifice.
In the context of the poem, the “dust” mentioned in lines 4-5 represents the remains of a soldier, which metaphorically conveys the idea that the soldier's body will enrich the foreign land where he died, linking it to England as a part of his homeland now lies there. The lines “In that rich earth a richer dust concealed; A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware” suggest that the soldier was formed and nurtured by England, both physically from the earth and through the culture and experiences he had while alive. The use of the word “dust” to describe the soldier's remains is poignant, highlighting the transformation from an active, sentient being to something as elemental and humble as dust, yet it holds profound significance because it implies a return to the land that will become eternally connected to England through him.