You have already given the answers. I'd like to add an explanation.
Answer:
1. While many people have watched a marathon race, few have ever competed in one. - sub.
2. It’s Friday night, and I have to stay home to clean my room. - coord.
3. Neither Sasha nor her brother could locate the car. - corr.
4. We will visit Washington, D.C., or Williamsburg, Virginia, in June. - coord.
5. Although I prefer apples, I also like strawberries. - sub.
6. Both Jason and Eric made the basketball team. - corr.
7. Whenever the parents leave for work, the children throw a temper tantrum. - sub.
8. The fans were quiet until the golfer putted. - sub.
Step-by-step explanation:
A conjunction is a word used to connect other words, phrases, or clauses inside a sentence. A coordinating conjunction, more specifically, connects parts that have the same importance inside a sentence. It doesn't establish a subordinating relationship between clauses, for example. Both clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction are equally important. The coordinating conjunctions are: FANBOYS (for, and, not, but, or, yet, so).
Subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce a dependent clause. They establish a relationship of dependence in the sentence - for the subordinate clause the make sense, it needs the main one. Examples of subordinating conjunctions are: whenever, while, until, although, because, if, even though, etc.
Finally, correlative conjunctions are pairs of words that connect two ideas. These ideas are usually expressed in similar structures. They are: neither... nor, either... or, both... and, not only... but also, whether... or, so/as... as.