Question

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Respiration is a three-step process that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. What are those three steps? Explain.

Answer 1

Ok so the first step is glycolysis(which involves 10 different 'steps') which is conducted in the cytosol, so this is where glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate.

The breakdown of glucose releases energy which changes ADP to ATP and NAD+ to NADH.

The second step is commonly known as the Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle(involves 11 steps). This is where pyruvate is broken down into 3CO2.

The breakdown of pyruvate releases energy which changes ADP to ATP, NAD+ to NADH and FAD+ to FADH2

The third step is known as oxidative phosphorylation, this is where energy from NADH and FADH2 is used to generate a H+ gradient, which changes ADP to ATP.

Answer 2

Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain

Step-by-step explanation:

Cellular respiration is the process in which cells break down glucose and release the stored energy to make ATP.

Step 1 — Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose — a C₆ molecule — into two C₃ (pyruvate) fragments.

Step 1a. The linking reaction — pyruvate oxidation

In preparation for the second step, each pyruvate ion loses a carbon atom as CO₂ and forms a two-carbon acetyl group.

The acetyl group is transferred to Coenzyme A to produce acetyl CoA.

Step 2 — the Citric Acid Cycle (CAC)

The acetyl CoA enters the CAC.

In various redox reactions, the C atoms in the acetyl group are oxidized to CO₂.

The electrons are passed to energy-storing molecules like NADH and FADH₂.

3. Step 3 — the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

The NADH and FADH₂ pass their electrons to the Electron Transport Chain

In a series of redox reactions, the electrons reduce oxygen to water.

The energy released converts ADP to ATP (oxidative phosphorylation)

The whole purpose of respiration is to oxidize glucose to CO₂ and water and use the energy produced to form ATP.

One molecule of glucose produces 2 ATP in glycolysis, 2 in the CAC, and 34 in the ETC.