Final answer:
In Friar Lawrence's quote, the figurative language is a simile, comparing a task to death to emphasize its severity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of figurative language in the sentence from Act I, Scene 1 of Romeo and Juliet, spoken by Friar Lawrence, "Then is it likely thou wilt undertake / A thing like death to chide away this shame..." is a simile. Similes compare two different things to highlight a particular quality or qualities that they have in common, using the words "like" or "as". Here, a task that the character must undertake is being compared to death itself, suggesting that the task is dreadfully serious and potentially life-threatening, much like death would be.