Question

For each of the following research scenarios, decide whether the design uses a related sample. If the design uses a related sample, identify whether it uses matched subjects or repeated measures. (Note: Researchers can match subjects by matching particular characteristics, or, in some cases, matched subjects are naturally paired, such as siblings or married couples.)John Caccioppo was interested in possible mechanisms by which loneliness may have deterious effects of health. He compared the sleep quality of a random sample to lonely people to the sleep quality of a random sample of nonlonely people.

The design described ______a, b, or c_________________________.
a. does not use a related sample
b. uses a related sample (repeated measures)
c. uses a related sample (matched subjects)

Answer 1

The correct option is (a).

Explanation:

The dependent t-test (also known as the paired t-test or matched-samples t-test) compares the two means associated groups to conclude if there is a statistically significant difference amid these two means.

We use the paired t-test if we have two measurements on the same item, person or thing. We should also use this test if we have two items that are being measured with a unique condition.

For instance, an experimenter tests the effect of a medicine on a group of patients before and after giving the doses.

In this case the researcher selected a random sample of the sleep quality of lonely people and the random sample of the sleep quality of non-lonely people.

Both the sample in this case are selected from two very different population.

This clearly indicates that the study design is for non-related samples.

Thus, the correct option is (a).