Final answer:
Human liver cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes. These include 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, with females having XX and males having XY.
Step-by-step explanation:
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each somatic cell, which includes liver cells. Of these, 22 pairs are called autosomes, and one pair consists of the sex chromosomes. The autosomes are chromosomes that are not involved in determining the sex of an individual, while the sex chromosomes determine the genetic sex; females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome.
In summary, human somatic cells, such as those found in the liver, contain a total of 46 chromosomes, which is 23 homologous pairs. Each chromosome pair is made up of one chromosome from the mother and one from the father. This full complement of chromosomes contains potentially 20,000 to 25,000 genes, with each gene having multiple alleles, influencing the individual's phenotype.