Answer:
Joel rolls two fair number cubes at the same time.
Each cube has six sides 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
=> There are 6 x 6 = 36 possible pairs (or 36 possible sums)
The collection of pairs that have sum less than 4 includes (1, 2), (2, 1) and (1, 1) => 3 cases (*)
The sum that is odd when two cubes show one odd number and one even number. Therefore each side of first cube has 3 options from second cube to form an odd sum. => The total number of cases: 6 x 3 = 18 cases
In these 18 cases, there are two cases (1, 2) and (2, 1) which have been counted already at (*) => Total case that the sum of the numbers will be odd or less than 4: T = 3 + 18 - 2 = 19 cases
=> Probability that the sum of the numbers will be odd or less than 4:
P = 19/36 = 0.53
Hope this helps!
:)