Final answer:
Peter the Great used absolutism to modernize Russia, adopting Western military and governmental models, which led to significant territorial expansion and the establishment of the Russian Empire. Despite the empire's size and military might, Russia's adherence to absolutism and autocratic governance limited its economic development and contributed to internal difficulties related to its diverse populace.
Step-by-step explanation:
Peter the Great, ruling from 1672 to 1725, utilized absolutism to strengthen and maintain his power in Russia, transforming the country into a significant European power. His determination to modernize and westernize Russia was driven by his observation of Europe's advanced military and administrative techniques during his incognito travels. He introduced shipbuilding techniques, reformed the government, and established the Russian Empire, contributing to Russia's expansion and status as a major power.
Though Russia's vast natural resources were a source of economic envy, the autocratic governance model cultivated fears of expansionist policies. Both Peter and Catherine the Great recognized the necessity for Russia to adopt Western methodologies. Yet, despite efforts by subsequent tsars to modernize, absolutist policies often hindered significant economic development, and Russia remained less developed compared to other European powers.
Under Peter's and later Catherine the Great's rule, Russia expanded its territory significantly, acquiring lands along the Baltic and Black Seas. Russian influence also stretched deep into Ottoman territories over the 18th and 19th centuries, notably impacting the region's balance of power. However, this expansion sometimes intensified domestic issues, such as the persecution of Jews under Alexander III and the difficulties brought about by the vast ethnic and religious diversity within the empire.