The transformation that was applied to △ABC to transform it to △DEF is reflection over the x -axis.
The triangles have the same shape and size, but they are flipped upside down. This is the defining characteristic of a reflection over the x -axis.
A reflection over the y -axis would have flipped the triangle left to right, not upside down.
A translation would have moved the triangle to a different location on the coordinate plane, but it would not have changed its shape or orientation.
A rotation about the origin would have rotated the triangle around a fixed point, but it would not have flipped it upside down.
Therefore, the only option that makes sense is A. Reflection over the x-axis.