Final answer:
Aristotle's philosophy was distinct in its systematic exploration of numerous disciplines and his emphasis on practical understanding of the world, as opposed to Plato's more abstract and literary approach. His foundational doctrine of the four causes offered a method to comprehend all facets of nature and existence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Aristotle's philosophy was unique due to his comprehensive approach to various disciplines and his departure from Platonic thought. Distinguishing himself from his teacher Plato, Aristotle was driven by philosophical curiosity and devoted himself to understand all aspects of the natural and metaphysical world. While Plato's works were literary, Aristotle's were analytical, often presented as lectures. Especially notable is Aristotle's doctrine of the four causes, which served as a method to understand the nature of anything by addressing its material, formal, efficient, and final causes. This framework aimed to comprehend not just individual objects but the entire universe, positing a closed system ultimately traceable to a prime mover or 'thought thinking itself.'
Furthermore, Aristotle's studies spanned from metaphysics and ethics to what we now view as biology and physics, indicating the seeds of natural philosophy that would grow into the specialized sciences. His contributions to logic, political theory, natural studies, and more laid foundational stones across various fields. He was driven to understand reality and politics in practical ways, enhancing governance through human understanding and invention, rather than mere contemplation.