Final answer:
The Egyptians made technological advancements in engineering, writing, and agriculture. They built impressive structures using their knowledge of geometry and measurement, developed writing material like papyrus to preserve historical records, and utilized the Nile River for farming and trade.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Egyptians made numerous technological advancements that had costs and benefits. One of their key advancements was in the field of engineering, where they built structures like the pyramids, temples, and other buildings using their excellent knowledge of geometry and measurement. These engineering achievements demonstrated their ability to organize labor efficiently and utilize available resources like sandstone, limestone, and granite.
Another notable advancement was the development of writing. The Egyptians used papyrus, a writing material made from a reed plant, to produce scrolls and record information. This innovation preserved their myths, poetry, stories, lists of pharaohs, and records of daily life. It proved valuable for historians and archaeologists after hieroglyphics were deciphered in the nineteenth century.
Lastly, the Egyptians made advancements in agriculture and trade. They utilized the supportive environment of the Nile River basin for farming and relied on crops like wheat, onions, garlic, and lentils for their diet. They also had breweries dating back to 3500 BCE, which were the oldest known breweries in the world at that time. Additionally, the introduction of the water wheel allowed for agricultural expansion, and increased literacy in languages like Greek, Coptic, Old Nubian, and Arabic contributed to their cultural and economic growth.