x² - x - 42 = ( x+k )( x+6)
x² - 7x + 6x -42 = (x+k)(x+6)
x(x-7) + 6(x -7) = (x+k)(x+6)
(x-7)(x+6) = (x+k)(x+6)
(x+6) gets cancelled
Thus
x-7 = x+k
k = -7
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