Question

Bentham and Kant agree on which of the following?

a) Pleasure is the only thing that is good without qualification.
b) Individual rights limit what can be done in the name of maximizing aggregate happiness.
c) The good will is the only thing that is good without qualification.
d) Maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain is all that matters, morally speaking.
e) Morality constrains individual self-interest.

Answer 1

d) Maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain is all that matters, morally speaking.

Step-by-step explanation:

Immanuel Kant was born in 1724 and he died in 1804. He was a German modern philosopher who was known for some of his unique views on taste, sensation, respect, pleasure and pain. Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher, who was born in 1748 and died in 1832.

Jeremy Bentham wrote in his utilitarian principle that, 'actions are right if they produce pleasure and avoid pain'. He believes that all actions of man are subject to and detected by pain and pleasure. Immanuel Kant agrees with him in the believe that the morality of our actions are right if they produce the feeling pleasure, when he said in the Groundwork, that "man's reason have the capacity to induce a feeling of pleasure or of delight in the fulfillment of duty"

So both philosophers agree that there are moral backing for our actions, and they are aimed at limiting the pain we suffer and maximizing pleasure.

Answer 2

E

Explanation: Bentham and Kant agree on which of the following?

a) Incorrect. Kant does not believe that the only thing that is good without qualification is pleasure. Rather, Kant believes that the only thing that is good without qualification is the good will ("Nothing can possibly be conceived in the world, or even out of it, which can be called good, without qualification, except a good will." I. Kant, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, First Section, Transition from the common rational knowledge of morality to the philosophical).

b) Incorrect. While Kant believes that individual rights limit what can be done in the name of maximizing aggregate happiness, Bentham does not.

c) Incorrect. While Kant believes that the good will is the only thing that is good without qualification, Bentham believes that the good is best characterized in terms of pleasure.

d) Incorrect. While Bentham believes that maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain is all that matters, morally speaking, Kant does not (Kant is not a utilitarian).

e) Correct. Both authors believe that morality puts limits on what any given individual may do in the pursuit of his or her self-interest. For example: Kant argues that one should never make a lying promise, even if it is in one's interest to do so; Bentham argues that one should maximize everyone's aggregate pleasure minus pain, not only one's own.