Final answer:
Indigenous Amazonians have lived in the rainforest for over 11,000 years, using its resources for subsistence living and actively defending their territory through advocacy and legal actions. Despite conservation efforts, ongoing deforestation threatens their way of life and the rainforest's biodiversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The native Amazonians, or Amerindians, have been living in the Amazon rainforest for thousands of years. Archaeological evidence suggests that these populations have been present in the region since at least 11,000 years ago, living in a symbiotic relationship with the rainforest.
The native communities make use of the rainforest's resources through subsistence activities such as hunting, fishing, gathering, and small-scale agriculture. They have a deep knowledge of the forest's biodiversity and use numerous plants and animals for food, medicine, and materials for housing and tools. The indigenous people also practice sustainable living by rotating their crops and allowing the forest to recover.
To defend their territories and way of life, indigenous groups have been actively involved in advocacy and legal actions, often supported by international organizations and treaties. They campaign for their rights to land ownership, fight against illegal deforestation, and work to create legal frameworks that protect their land and lifestyle against the encroachments of loggers, miners, and ranchers.
Despite the efforts of the Save the Rainforest campaign in the 1980s and 90s, which led to a temporary reduction in deforestation rates, extensive portions of the Amazon continue to suffer from deforestation, threatening the survival of both the indigenous populations and the rainforest ecosystem.