Question

A carrot would be an example of a _______ system. The apical meristem and new growth in the roots are protected by the _______. Stems of _______ contain a ring of vascular tissue, which includes the xylem and phloem. Stems thicken to support plants growing taller during _______ growth. _______ regulate the exchange of gases in the leaves and help maintain homeostasis. The leaves are often broad and flat because they are the main site of _______ in a plant. The force that allows water molecules to stick to other water molecules is called _______. The process by which plants release water into the air as vapor, while pulling more water upward into the leaves is called _______. Respond to the following based on your reading. Explain, in your own words, the role of cohesion and adhesion in plant transpiration. What are several adaptations that leaves have undergone? Why do leaves have adaptations in different parts of the world? Choose three nutrients and explain how a plant may look if it has a deficiency in those nutrients.

Answer 1

A carrot is an example of a taproot system. Cohesion and adhesion play a role in plant transpiration. Leaves have adapted to different environments, and deficiencies in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can affect plant growth.

Step-by-step explanation:

A carrot would be an example of a taproot system. The apical meristem and new growth in the roots are protected by the root cap. Stems of vascular plants contain a ring of vascular tissue, which includes the xylem and phloem. Stems thicken to support plants growing taller during primary growth. Stomata regulate the exchange of gases in the leaves and help maintain homeostasis. The leaves are often broad and flat because they are the main site of photosynthesis in a plant. The force that allows water molecules to stick to other water molecules is called cohesion. The process by which plants release water into the air as vapor, while pulling more water upward into the leaves is called transpiration.

Cohesion and adhesion play a crucial role in plant transpiration. Cohesion refers to the attraction between water molecules, which allows them to stick together. Adhesion refers to the attraction between water molecules and the surface of plant tissues. In transpiration, water molecules are pulled upward through the xylem vessels due to the cohesive forces between the water molecules. At the same time, adhesion allows the water molecules to adhere to the xylem cell walls, preventing them from falling back down. This continuous movement of water from the roots to the leaves is made possible by the combined action of cohesion and adhesion.

Leaves have undergone several adaptations to enhance their function in different environments. Some adaptations include:

1. Thick cuticle: Helps reduce water loss in arid environments.
2. Stomatal density and size: Affects the exchange of gases and water vapor with the atmosphere. In hot and dry environments, leaves may have fewer and smaller stomata to reduce water loss.
3. Leaf shape: Can vary to optimize light absorption and minimize water loss. In hot and dry environments, leaves may have a smaller surface area to reduce water loss.

Leaves have adaptations in different parts of the world because they need to maximize their efficiency in various environmental conditions. Plants living in arid environments, for example, need to reduce water loss, so they may have adaptations like thicker cuticles and reduced stomatal density. In contrast, plants in wetter environments may have adaptations that enhance water absorption and gas exchange.

Three nutrients that are essential for plant growth are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. If a plant has a deficiency in nitrogen, it may have stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and reduced fruit and seed production. Phosphorus deficiency can cause poor root development, purple discoloration of leaves, and delayed flowering. Potassium deficiency can lead to yellowing or browning of leaf edges, poor fruit development, and weak stems.

Answer 2

taproot

root cap

dicot

secondary

Stomata

photosynthesis

cohesion

transpiration

Cohesion describes water molecules sticking together, while adhesion allows them to stick to the sides of the xylem that runs up the plant stem. When water at the top of this chain breaks free and evaporates from the leaf, it pulls on the water molecules behind it. In this way, water molecules are pulled up the plant stem from the roots and into the leaves.

Leaves have adaptations such as broad or narrow widths, rounded or pointy tips, and straight versus many vertices. These adaptations allow different species of plants to optimize water retention and photosynthesis in different climates (in other words, cloudy, sunny, rainy, dry).

Answers will vary based on the three nutrients selected. Here is a model response: Plants can show many different deficiencies based on their nutrients. An iron deficiency will result in yellowing or brittle leaves. A potassium deficiency causes leaves to turn yellow at the edges and phosphate deficiencies cause plants to have darker green than normal leaves.

Step-by-step explanation: