Answer:
Option E, All of these
Step-by-step explanation:
Diversity in species is caused by change in the gene flow. All the catastrophic events mentioned here will change the genetic pool (either reduce it or increase it)as the species will die or modify themselves to survive through such catastrophic events thereby changing the genetic diversity. Now the new set of population will have organism that have the ability to survive any potential catastrophic event.
Hence, option E is correct