Final answer:
The third element of conduct, besides actions and personality traits, is moral reasoning, which involves determining right or wrong based on consequences, duties, or virtues.
Step-by-step explanation:
Three elements of conduct typically examined in ethical and psychological discourse are actions, personality traits, and moral reasoning. While actions refer to the behaviors an individual exhibits, personality traits are the consistent patterns of thought and action. Moral reasoning is the process of determining what is right or wrong in a given situation. This can involve considering the consequences of actions (consequentialism), adhering to certain rules or duties (deontological ethics), or focusing on virtue and character (virtue ethics).
Normative theorists have approached the question of 'What is a good citizen?' from these different perspectives, examining consequences of behavior, adherence to moral rules, or cultivation of virtue as the basis for defining good conduct.