Answer:
1) d. genus and species
2) a. phylum
Step-by-step explanation:
The binomial nomenclature means the two-part name that organisms are given. Take homo sapiens as an example. Homo is the genus and sapiens is the specific species.
You need two parts to a name. Think about it. There are lots of bears, so simply calling them ursus (bear) wouldn't cut it. You need to clarify by adding the second part: Ursus americanus (American black bear).
For the second question, remember the ordering: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (I use this to remember: Dear King Philip Came Over From Great Spain)
This means that classes fit within phylums. However, since classes are a larger grouping than orders, families, or species, you could not find a class within those options.