Final answer:
Counseling that uses problem-based and emotion-based solutions is referred to as problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, respectively, involving measures to directly address the source of stress or manage the associated emotional distress.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of counseling that uses problem-based and/or emotion-based solutions is known as problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. In problem-focused coping, the individual attempts to manage or change the actual source of stress by proactive measures such as planning, problem-solving, and seeking assistance. Emotion-focused coping, on the other hand, involves efforts to manage the emotional distress associated with the stressor and may include strategies like avoidance, minimization, or seeking positive aspects in negative events.
For example, when faced with the stress of failing a statistics class, adopting a problem-focused coping approach could involve contacting the professor, dedicating more time to study, or seeking tutoring. Alternately, an emotion-focused approach might involve watching movies or engaging in social media to temporarily alleviate the distress without addressing the underlying problem of the failing grade.